Random Ticks
Random ticks exist to update the state of blocks that aren't being actively interacted with, so things can occur, even without the players direct involvement.
A lot of blocks have their state updated or modified, only when a random tick is issued to them.
Saplings
When random ticked, Saplings have a 1/30th chance to advance their age, eventually leading to them growing into a tree.
Farmland
Farmland has a 1/5th chance to update it's state.
If water is nearby, it sets its hydration level of the max of 7. If this water goes away, it slowly counts this value down, until it hits 0 and dries out.
The valid area in which water is detected extends up to 4 blocks away from the farm block along the X/Z axis, at and one above the level the farm block is at, resulting in a 9x2x9 area.
Wheat / Crops
MISSING
TODO
Sugarcane / Cactus
Firstly, Sugarcane and Cacti check if the block above them is air, and stop if it isn't.
Secondly, they check if they're already 3 or more blocks tall, and stop there if they are.
Lastly, they check if they've reached their maximum growth value (15), if they have they place the new block above themselves, and reset their growth value to 0, otherwise they just increment their growth by 1.
Leaves
Leaves can decay when random ticked, but only if they've not been placed by a player (as indicated by the top-most bit).
They then check for a log nearby. If that log is more than three blocks away or isn't a log or leaves, we give up and break the block.
MISSING
TODO: Explain log search better